Please also let me know if additional information/photos will help to identify the right part and whether you think that replacement is even worthwhile (if you can, based on what you can see).
Hello, thank you for posting,
You are correct these are the original window balances for your wood sashes. This type of balance system was very popular after WWII for wood windows. You should be able to replace them with the Series 500 spiral balances. Before purchasing parts we will need the balance tube length. To do this, you might need some one to help you. First remove the screw or nail holding the balance tube at the top of the track. Now raise and hold sash up, under the wood sash is a metal bracket attached to the balance spiral. Remove this bracket to release and drop the balance. Measure the length of balance tube, so you can order. Weigh the sash to confirm the colored tip needed based on the strength chart on the product page of the length needed. Below is the generic directions for installation of new Series 500 balances.
First drop the balance behind the sash and screw it at the top with the 33-017 screw. Raise the sash and have someone hold it up, while you place the 17-012 bracket under the sash and have it corral the spiral. Screw the bracket to the sash. Continue holding up the sash while you bring the spiral up to the the bracket. Now turn the spiral clockwise with the 75-005 tool about four turns. Then lock the bow tie at the end of the spiral to the 17-012 bracket. Do the same on the other side and try the sash. If it creeps down, give the spiral another turn.
Let us know if you have any additional questions!