Pictures enclosed.
Hello,
Unfortunately, we do not carry exact replacements for your old-style balances but many of our past customers with older wood windows have been able to adapt the S500 spiral balance and 17-012 bracket to replace their original hardware. Based on your sash weight, you would need a red tip option for the replacement balances. Take a look and see what you think.
Unfortunately, we do not have more detailed instructions for these older windows that use spiral balances but we do have an updated version of the guide on our company blog here. You are correct that the top of the balance tube attaches to the window jamb with a screw, while the bottom of the spiral anchors to a bracket attached to the bottom corner of the sash. These windows can be tricky to work on, so you may want to get a local professional involved who can help you through the replacement process.