Adjusting pivot shoe
















First, you will want to disengage the balance from the shoe. Then, since there are no screws holding the balance in the window, there might be a hook. I can't really know from here, so give it a thorough once-over and see how its attached at the top.
If you aren't sure, or if you can't find anything, then I will need to see detailed pictures.





The pivot shoe likely can't move because it's still in the locked position. You can tell if it's locked because the slot in the cam will be vertical. You'll want to get a slotted screwdriver and turn it so that the slot is horizontal. Then you can slide it up and down as you see fit.
You shouldn't need a tool. I'm not sure what you can do, though. I think at this point it's best if we see pictures.














No, not particularly. You only need to concern yourself with the position of both shoes in regards to putting the sash back in the frame. Oftentimes it's easier for the shoe on one side of the window to be higher than its partner, allowing you to put the sash in at an angle.